Understanding Sensory Integration in Occupational Therapy (for OT Students)

Sensory integration is a foundational concept within occupational therapy that involves the brain’s remarkable ability to receive, interpret, and respond effectively to sensory information from our bodies and the surrounding environment. Originally developed by Dr. A. Jean Ayres, sensory integration theory highlights how efficiently organising sensory input underpins our daily functioning, influencing everything from simple tasks like buttoning a shirt to complex social interactions.

Ayres’ academic and professional journey began with her occupational therapy training at the University of Southern California (USC) in 1944. Her early work focused on neurological function and rehabilitation, particularly in psychiatry and sensory-motor disorders. Inspired by Margaret Rood, a pioneer in motor control, Ayres explored proprioception’s role in occupational therapy, shaping her future research direction. Building on this knowledge, Ayres developed Sensory Integration (SI) theory, linking sensory processing with motor control, learning, and behaviour. Beyond academia, Ayres strongly advocated for parents, helping them better understand their children’s sensory challenges. Though she never sought leadership, her influence transformed the field, inspiring generations of therapists and researchers.

Understanding sensory integration is essential for occupational therapy students, as it enables therapists to identify, assess, and address various sensory integration challenges. These challenges may significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and participation in meaningful activities. By exploring each sensory system, including the visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, and interoceptive systems, students gain comprehensive insights into human behaviour and development.

This content aims to provide occupational therapy students with a clear, evidence-based, and clinically relevant understanding of sensory integration. Supported by the latest scientific research, practical interventions ideas, and curated educational videos, students will be able to understand sensory integration principles.